Monday, December 8, 2014

Schedule I classification and research of controlled substances

The DEA's classification of substances under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is in need of an overhaul as our knowledge of these substances changes. The war on drugs has done little to help society and has made it difficult for individuals to seek help for underlying condtions that are at the root of their drug use. This blog post will look at several controlled substances and how standardization of these substances has made it difficult for researchers to study known and potential applications. Several schedule one substances (meaning high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use) currently have known medical uses but there is little attention towards fixing this classification even for cannabis where the fight is now focused on legalization. Schedule I classification makes it difficult for research labs to get samples of substances and makes testing difficult as there are strict time-consuming protocols defined by the DEA. Schedule I also greatly increases prison sentences for drug possession and other drug related crimes. 

MDMA (the psychoactive drug in ecstacy) is classified under schedule 1 yet has been found to be very effective in treating PTSD. A study performed in 2010 by MAPS (multidisciplinary association for psychedelic studies) concluded that our of a sample of 20 individuals in PTSD treatment, 83% of those who went through MDMA-assisted psychotherapy were cured compared to just 25% without it. Results from a follow-up study in 2012 showed that the treatment was still effective, showing that it could have long term benefits for those who undergo treatment. The medical community has recommended to the US government that MDMA should be placed under Schedule III, and despite two court rulings by the DEA's administrative law judge that Schedule I placement is illegal, it remains there today. The psychoactive compound psilocybin found in magic mushrooms has been found to be effective in treating depression. It has been found to be particularly effective at helping patients reverse negative cognative biases, a phenomenon in which an individual has a greater recall of negative memories than positive ones. Other studies have shown psilocybin to help with obsessive compulsion disorder and cluster headaches. GHB and cannabis are both Schedule I substances with Schedule III applications, a classification which breaks the very definition of Schedule I. GHB helps with narcolepsy and alcohol withdrawl and dependence but is schedule I, unless you call it by its phamacutical name Xyrem, then its Schedule III. Canabis has been found to help with many ailments including pain, nausea, and sleep deprivation. It has also been found to help with epilepsy with public attention being brought through CNN's Dr Sanjay Gupta's special “WEED” where he showed how cannabis was able to help a little girl. Marinol (an isomer of THC) has been classified as Schedule III and is used to treat the same conditions as cannabis leading to many critics asking the question of why THC is Schedule I. 

For these substances and for those I did not mention in this blog, it is clear that the DEA is behind science in the classification of substances. When the medical community is demanding reclassification with a successful lawsuit and yet still nothing happens, it goes to show that standards in government can be dangerous to progress. The Standard for drug classification lays out the criteria for drugs to move between the schedules yet those in charge of seeing it change do nothing about it due to the “war on drugs”. Those who oversee the implementation of a standard need to be held accountable for the maintenance of said standard.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/07/11/mdma-molly-therapy-ptsd-cure/10683963/
http://www.vox.com/2014/8/7/5967239/marijuana-legalization-drug-schedule-DEA-FDA-HHS

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