Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Standardized Assessments: Have We Taken It Too Far

In any society some degree of standardization is necessary to maintain unity and a consistent base.  But when it comes to education do we really want to standardize our students' minds?  Like any typical U.S. education, my educational career is constantly falling in and out of different degrees of standardization, and my recent four hour battle with the GRE graduate exam has left me a little wounded and highly critical.  I’m not naïve, I understand that with about twenty one million students enrolled in an American college or university this fall, a standard for comparison makes things easier.  However, to quote The Princeton Review book, “the GRE provides a valid assessment of only one thing… how well you take the GRE”, yet it, along with other standardized tests, is taken insanely seriously; GEPA, HESPA, SAT, ACT, GRE, LSAT, MCAT, GMAT … you get the point.  Sadly, standardized tests are punctuations to years of standardized education that seem to encourage conformity and complacency.
The problem isn't as much standardized tests as it is the obsession and emphasis placed on it by schools teaching to the test and evaluating students primarily based on the results of these exams.  In his interview with U.S. News, cognitive psychologist Scott Barry Kaufman said that he’s not “anti-IQ or anti-standardized tests” but that he’s “against standardizing minds and ignoring the fact that there are multiple paths to the same outcome”.  In their essay “Reckoning with Standards”, Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland talk about standards in general and that “[they] are not, in any sense, against standardization- only against society’s romance with it.”  Like Kaufman, Star, and Lampland, I’m not full out against standardized test, but that it should be a supplement and not what we design our schooling around, because a one-size-fits-all style of education isn't going to fit anybody*.
In my lifetime alone I've watched (and experienced in the public school system) Bush’s No Child Left Behind and Obama’s Race to the Top attempt centralize and standardize our schools.  Huffington Post’s Fred Bauer worries that these types of reforms “could lead to an even more homogenized classroom by incentivizing testing and evaluation on a few subjects”, reducing education down to standardized test performances.  No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top set up standardized testing essentially to quantify student’s level of education, “measuring-standardizing activity is often the only thing that people consider ‘real evidence of results’.  It is a failure of imagination to believe this,” according to Star and Lampland.   
In his Scientific American blog post “Standardized Achievement Tests: What Are They Good For? Hint: Not Cognitive Ability” Kaufman notes that while it’s known that “good standardized test takers also tend to have high cognitive abilitygrowth in standardized test performance doesn't buy us: cognitive ability.”  Nevertheless, we so badly want to statistically evaluate education and cognition, even if it’s counter-productive, that we ignore the ramifications, or worse, we try to fix it with more tests, as if the glitches will just work themselves out.  We live in an era where theoretically children have so many opportunities to expand and diversify their knowledge, yet we constrict them to certain measurements in an attempt to streamline the process. 

*Interpreted from Star and Lampland’s comment regarding standards in general to fit standards in education specifically, they said “work must get must get done, even though one size never fits all.”

http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2013/07/05/the-problem-with-standardized-tests-in-education
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2013/12/20/standardized-achievement-tests-what-are-they-good-for-hint-not-cognitive-ability/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-bauer/a-conservative-critique-o_b_1214995.html
Star and Lampland essay "Reckoning with Standards" from the book Standards and Their Stories: How Quantifying, Classifying, and Formalizing Practices Shape Everyday Life

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