Wednesday, September 24, 2014

Standards in Physical Education

               Throughout the United States, many public school districts are implementing physical education standards. The purpose of these standards is to maintain and improve one’s physical health, mental health, and overall well-being. It is believed that a student who takes part in physical education is more likely to become a healthy adult who is motivated to remain healthy and physically active throughout his or her life. The physical education model used by many school districts contains standards that represent the essential skills and knowledge that students need to maintain a physically active, healthy lifestyle. The program identifies what each student should know and should be able to do at each grade level.  With adequate instruction and sustained effort, students should be able to achieve the standards. The standards provide a framework for teachers and schools to follow, but the decision about how best to teach the standards is up to the individual.
                According to the Society of Health and Physical Educators, the five national physical education standards are: (1) The physically literate individual demonstrates competency in a variety of motor skills and movement patterns, (2) The physically literate individual applies knowledge of concepts, principles, strategies and tactics related to movement and performance, (3) The physically literate individual demonstrates the knowledge and skills to achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical activity and fitness, (4) The physically literate individual exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others, and (5) The physically literate individual recognizes the value of physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or social interaction.
                Implementing physical education standards poses many benefits for students. Students learn to take increasing accountability for their physical health, because they understand the significance of being active and have been challenged to maintain a dynamic lifestyle. When students establish an active lifestyle during their juvenile years, it is more likely that they will continue regular activity as they enter their adult years and reduce the chances for the onset of hyperkinetic diseases such as stroke, obesity, type 2 Diabetes, and heart attack. Physical education programs that proactively promote physical activity and fitness support the entire learning process. A positive correlation has been documented between fitness and academic achievement.

                
                While these standards pose many potentially beneficial outcomes for students, one of the most important areas of the program is the teaching and instruction. An effective teacher is one who knows how to teach students about exercise science and the other factors that underlie a healthy, active lifestyle. At the same time, teachers, “need to inform students rather than scare them, to inspire rather than preach, and to be inclusive rather than exclusive. They are not training athletes, but educating active, healthy citizens.” 1
                It is important to remember that the real focus must be on physical activity levels, nutrition, and lifestyle, and not just on percent body fat or weight. If teachers focus on percent body fat or BMI, they will send the wrong message to students about their body and how to care for it. Students with very little previous physical activity may be intimidated by these standards and feel inadequate if their peers are performing above the level that they are capable of. It is important that these students get the individual attention and education they need because they are the true target of these standards. While it is beneficial for all students to develop and maintain an active lifestyle, overweight or at-risk students should remain the focus of these physical education programs.



1 Peter Rattigan, “Battling Obesity in K-12 Learners from an Exercise Physiology Perspective,” http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ795604.pdf

Additional sources:

http://www.shapeamerica.org/standards/pe/

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